Перевод и анализ слов искусственным интеллектом ChatGPT
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- этимология
Что (кто) такое Celtic$12195$ - определение
![Breton]])}}](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Map of Celtic Nations-flag shades.svg?width=200 "Breton]])}}")
The Celtic languages (usually , but sometimes ) are a group of related languages descended from Proto-Celtic. They form a branch of the Indo-European language family. The term "Celtic" was first used to describe this language group by Edward Lhuyd in 1707, following Paul-Yves Pezron, who made the explicit link between the Celts described by classical writers and the Welsh and Breton languages.
During the 1st millennium BC, Celtic languages were spoken across much of Europe and central Anatolia. Today, they are restricted to the northwestern fringe of Europe and a few diaspora communities. There are six living languages: the four continuously living languages Breton, Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Welsh, and the two revived languages Cornish and Manx. All are minority languages in their respective countries, though there are continuing efforts at revitalisation. Welsh is an official language in Wales and Irish is an official language of Ireland and of the European Union. Welsh is the only Celtic language not classified as endangered by UNESCO. The Cornish and Manx languages went extinct in modern times. They have been the object of revivals and now each has several hundred second-language speakers.
Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic form the Goidelic languages, while Welsh, Cornish and Breton are Brittonic. All of these are Insular Celtic languages, since Breton, the only living Celtic language spoken in continental Europe, is descended from the language of settlers from Britain. There are a number of extinct but attested continental Celtic languages, such as Celtiberian, Galatian and Gaulish. Beyond that there is no agreement on the subdivisions of the Celtic language family. They may be divided into P-Celtic and Q-Celtic.
The Celtic languages have a rich literary tradition. The earliest specimens of written Celtic are Lepontic inscriptions from the 6th century BC in the Alps. Early Continental inscriptions used Italic and Paleohispanic scripts. Between the 4th and 8th centuries, Irish and Pictish were occasionally written in an original script, Ogham, but Latin script came to be used for all Celtic languages. Welsh has had a continuous literary tradition from the 6th century AD.
![Altar depicting a three-faced god identified as Lugus, discovered in [[Reims]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Autel tricephale MuseeStRemi Reims 1131a.jpg?width=200 "Altar depicting a three-faced god identified as Lugus, discovered in [[Reims]].")
![Beltane festival]], [[Edinburgh]], 2019](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Beltane 2019 Edinburgh Calton Hill.jpg?width=200 "Beltane festival]], [[Edinburgh]], 2019")
![Model reconstructing the [[Pillar of the Boatmen]] in the [[Musée de Cluny]], Paris. After 14 AD.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CLUNY-Maquette pilier nautes 1.JPG?width=200 "Model reconstructing the [[Pillar of the Boatmen]] in the [[Musée de Cluny]], Paris. After 14 AD.")
![The [[Celtic cross]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ccross.svg?width=200 "The [[Celtic cross]].")
![The clootie well near [[Munlochy]], on the [[Black Isle]], Scotland.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Clootie Well, The Black Isle - geograph.org.uk - 602344.jpg?width=200 "The clootie well near [[Munlochy]], on the [[Black Isle]], Scotland.")
![antlered figure]] on the [[Gundestrup cauldron]], interpreted by many archaeologists as being cognate to the god [[Cernunnos]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gundestrupkedlen- 00054 (cropped).jpg?width=200 "antlered figure]] on the [[Gundestrup cauldron]], interpreted by many archaeologists as being cognate to the god [[Cernunnos]].")
![The [[torc]]-wearing "[[Glauberg]] Prince", 5th century BC, perhaps a hero or ancestor figure, with a [[leaf crown]].<ref>Stöllner, 119-123</ref>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Keltenfürst Glauberg vorne links 3.JPG?width=200 "The [[torc]]-wearing \"[[Glauberg]] Prince\", 5th century BC, perhaps a hero or ancestor figure, with a [[leaf crown]].<ref>Stöllner, 119-123</ref>")
![The mound over the rich [[Hochdorf Chieftain's Grave]], near [[Eberdingen]], Germany. Such burials were reserved for the influential and wealthy in Celtic society.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Keltengrabhuegel Hochdorf.jpg?width=200 "The mound over the rich [[Hochdorf Chieftain's Grave]], near [[Eberdingen]], Germany. Such burials were reserved for the influential and wealthy in Celtic society.")
![The [[Strettweg Cult Wagon]], c. 600 BC](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kultwagen Strettweg.jpg?width=200 "The [[Strettweg Cult Wagon]], c. 600 BC")
![Eisenberg]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mercurius Rosmerta HistMusPfalz 3513.jpg?width=200 "Eisenberg]]")
![oak and mistletoe ritual]] depicted by [[Henri-Paul Motte]] (1900)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Motte Druide coupant le gui au 6e jour de la lune.jpg?width=200 "oak and mistletoe ritual]] depicted by [[Henri-Paul Motte]] (1900)")
![Stone head from Mšecké Žehrovice]], Czech Republic, wearing a [[torc]], late La Tène culture](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Stone sculpture of celtic hero.jpg?width=200 "Stone head from Mšecké Žehrovice]], Czech Republic, wearing a [[torc]], late La Tène culture")
![18th century illustration of [[Julius Caesar]]'s account.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The Wicker Man of the Druids crop.jpg?width=200 "18th century illustration of [[Julius Caesar]]'s account.")
![Two druids, from an 1845 publication, based on a bas-relief found at [[Autun]], France.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Two Druids.PNG?width=200 "Two druids, from an 1845 publication, based on a bas-relief found at [[Autun]], France.")
Википедия
Celtic fusion is an umbrella term for any modern music which incorporates influences considered "Celtic", or Celtic music which incorporates modern music. It is a syncretic musical tradition which borrows freely from the perceived "Celtic" musical traditions of all the Celtic nations, as well as from all styles of popular music, it is thus sometimes associated with the Pan-Celtic movement. Celtic fusion may or may not include authentic traditional music from any one tradition under the Celtic umbrella, but its common characteristic is the inspiration by Celtic identity.
The oldest musical tradition which fits under the label of Celtic fusion originated in the rural American south in the early colonial period and incorporated Scottish, Scots-Irish, Irish, and African American influences. Variously referred to as roots music, American folk music, or old-time music, this tradition has exerted a strong influence on all forms of American music, including country, blues, and rock and roll. The connections between traditional Scottish and Irish music and Rock music are deep and go back to the origins of American music. As Elvis Costello put it:
"I started with rock n' roll and...then you start to take it apart like a child with a toy and you see there's blues and there's country...Then you go back from country into American music...and you end up in Scotland and Ireland eventually."
Another manifestation of this syncretic tendency emerged in New York City in the 1890s, as bands performing traditional Irish music for the large Irish immigrant community there began incorporating big band influences, adding brass and reed instruments and performing quicksteps, foxtrots, and other popular contemporary dance tunes.
More recently, there has been a flowering of several distinct genres of Celtic fusion. These can be roughly broken down as follows:
